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Hassan
1.Which component is found in both guanosine and uridine?
A. Both contain an aldohexose
B. Both contain three hydroxyl groups
C. Both contain a 1’,9 - bond.
D. Both contain an aldohexose
2.Which property is shared by both CTP and dTDP?
A. Both contain the same sugar.
B. Both contain the same charge at cellular pH.
C. Both contain a planar six-membered ring.
D. Both contain the same sugar.
3.Which characteristic is found in both purines and pyrimidines?
A. They both have aromatic rings that undergo substantial tautomerization at neutral pH
B. They both are weak bases that can be positively charged at neutral pH.
C. They both have multiple pKa values that result in zwitterion forms.
D. They both have aromatic rings that undergo substantial tautomerization at neutral pH
4.Which is a general property of both nucleosides and nucleotides?
A. Both contain a pentose in the form of a furanose.
B. Both contain at least one 5’-phosphate group
C. Both contain a nitrogenous base that forms covalent H-bonds
D. Both contain a pentose in the form of a furanose.
5.Which structural feature is found in the single-stranded DNA molecule?
A. It can have a negatively-charged backbone composed of nitrogenous bases.
B. Each 3’,5’-phosphodiester bond will contain one phosphate group linking two deoxyribose sugars.
C. It can have one end with a 5’-phosphate group while the other end has a 2’-hydroxyl group.
D. It can have a negatively-charged backbone composed of nitrogenous bases.
6.Which is a possible sequence and structure for this DNA molecule?
A. If the single-stranded molecule has the sequence 5’-(ATGC)10, then its double- stranded form could assume a Z-DNA structure
B. If the single-stranded molecule has the sequence 5’-(GATC)10, then its double-stranded form could assume an H-DNA structure
C. If the single-stranded molecule has the sequence 5’-(CTGA)10, then its double-stranded form could assume a hairpin structure.
D. If the single-stranded molecule has the sequence 5’-(ATGC)10, then its double- stranded form could assume a Z-DNA structure
7.Which characteristic does this double-stranded molecule have when it forms a B- DNA structure?
A. The two strands will have parallel orientation and identical sequences.
B. The helix will be right-handed with 12 base-pairs per turn
C. Every base-pair will contain one purine and one pyrimidine.
D. The two strands will have parallel orientation and identical sequences.
8.Which force can stabilize a DNA double-helix?
A. Hydrophobic bases are found in the interior of the helix where each base- pair is stabilized by the same number of hydrogen bonds
B. Hydrophilic sugar-phosphate groups are found on the exterior of the helix where they can interact with water.
C. Non-covalent N-glycosidic bonds can form between nitrogenous bases in opposite strands in the helix
D. Hydrophobic bases are found in the interior of the helix where each base- pair is stabilized by the same number of hydrogen bonds
9.Which of the following double-stranded DNA molecules would denature at a lower temperature than the 40 base-pair double-stranded molecule described above?
A. a 40 base-pair molecule in which 25% of the bases are adenines
B. a 30 base-pair molecule in which 40% of the bases are guanines
C. a 20 base-pair molecule in which 10% of the bases are thymines
D. a 40 base-pair molecule in which 25% of the bases are adenines
10.Which characteristic will this double-stranded DNA molecule share with a double-stranded RNA molecule of the same size?
A. Both will have secondary structure.
B. Both will contain inverted repeats.
C. Both will be degraded by base.
D. Both will have secondary structure.
11.Which will be a characteristic of this one single strand?
A. The single-stranded chain will contain both ribose and deoxyribose
B. The single-stranded chain will contain both purines and pyrimidines.
C. The single-stranded chain will contain one 5’-end and one 3’-end.
D. The single-stranded chain will contain both ribose and deoxyribose
12.When this single strand binds to a complementary DNA strand,
A. the complementary strand has the sequence 5’-(CT)20-3’ and a cruciform structure could form.
B. the complementary strand has the sequence 5’-(CT)20-3’ and a Z-DNA structure could form
C. the complementary strand has the sequence 5’-(TC)20-3’ and an H-DNA structure could form.
D. the complementary strand has the sequence 5’-(CT)20-3’ and a cruciform structure could form.
13.When this single strand binds to a complementary DNA strand to form a B-DNA structure
A. half the base-pairs will be A-G pairs and half will be C-T pairs
B. each base will form at least two hydrogen bonds with a base in the opposite strand.
C. the two strands will form an antiparallel left-handed helix with 12 basepairs per turn.
D. half the base-pairs will be A-G pairs and half will be C-T pairs
14.Which of the following forces can stabilize a normal DNA double-helix?
A. Base-stacking is a non-covalent interaction that occurs between the relatively hydrophobic bases in the interior of the helix.
B. Base-pairing is a non-covalent interaction that occurs between adjacent bases in the same strand of the DNA molecule.
C. The hydrophilic sugar-phosphate groups are on the exterior of the helix where they can interact with each other.
D. Base-stacking is a non-covalent interaction that occurs between the relatively hydrophobic bases in the interior of the helix.
15.Which of the following double-stranded DNA molecules would denature at about the same temperature as the double-stranded molecule containing a 5’-(GA)20-3’ strand?
A. a molecule which contains a (GC)20 strand
B. a molecule which contains a (TA)20 strand
C. a molecule which contains a (GACT)10 strand
D. a molecule which contains a (GC)20 strand
16.Which characteristic will be shared when comparing the single 5’-(GA)20-3’ strand to another single-stranded DNA molecule with the sequence 5’-(AT)20-3’?
A. Both contain a palindromic sequence
B. Both can form the same secondary structures.
C. Both could hybridize to the same RNA molecule.
D. Both contain a palindromic sequence
17.Which of the following experimental results, if obtained, would be evidence against proteins being the genetic material?
A. The viral components labeled with 35S are found inside the bacterial cell during a successful infection
B. The viral components labeled with 32P are found outside the bacterial cell during a successful infection.
C. The transforming factor isolated from a virulent bacterium is resistant to proteases.
D. The viral components labeled with 35S are found inside the bacterial cell during a successful infection
18.Assume that DNA molecules are studied in a variety of organisms and found to have the following properties. Which property would be consistent with the hypothesis that genetic material is composed o
A. DNA in all organisms is composed of the same nucleotides.
B. DNA in an organism remains constant as the organism ages.
C. DNA from two different organisms has the same base composition.
D. DNA in all organisms is composed of the same nucleotides.
19.A new virus, virus X, is isolated and studied. Which molecule is most likely to be the genetic material of virus X?
A. a linear DNA molecule containing 10,000 base-pairs
B. a linear RNA molecule containing plasmids
C. a circular DNA molecule containing nucleosomes
D. a linear DNA molecule containing 10,000 base-pairs
20.Which are characteristics of bacterial genetic material?
A. It is double-stranded and supercoiled
B. It is single-stranded and relaxed
C. It is circular and compacted into palindromes
D. It is double-stranded and supercoiled
21.Which describes the structural properties of a eukaryotic chromosome?
A. It contains a double-helix composed of nucleosomes each with four million base-pairs
B. It is one double-stranded linear DNA molecule bound to proteins for compaction
C. It is arranged into a 30 nm fiber which is attached to the cell membrane
D. It contains a double-helix composed of nucleosomes each with four million base-pairs
22.Which property is shared by the five histone proteins?
A. They are acidic proteins with relatively large molecular weights.
B. They are multimeric proteins with high levels of Arg and Lys
C. They are fibrous proteins with high amounts of α-helix.
D. They are acidic proteins with relatively large molecular weights.
23.If the following experimental results were obtained, which would be evidence against DNA being the genetic material?
A. The base composition of DNA is the same in two different cells of the same organism
B. The viral components labeled with 32P remain outside the cell during a successful infection.
C. The transforming factor isolated from a virulent bacterium is sensitive to deoxyribonucleases
D. The base composition of DNA is the same in two different cells of the same organism
24.Which is a property of both viral genetic material and bacterial genetic material?
A. Both can be double-stranded, circular DNA.
B. Both can be single-stranded, linear RNA
C. Both can be compacted into inverted repeats.
D. Both can be double-stranded, circular DNA.
25. Which of the following is the smallest of the RNAs?
A. Messenger RNA
B. Transfer RNAs
C. Ribosomal RNAs
D. Messenger RNA
26.The mRNA from which of the following would contain a poly-A tail?
A. A restriction endonuclease from E. coli
B. Bacterial alpha-amylase
C. Human insulin
D. A restriction endonuclease from E. coli
27.What is the average size (in bp) of a mature t-RNA?
A. 80 bp
B. 100 bp
C. 120 bp
D. 80 bp
28. What modified base is at the 5′ extremity of a capped eukaryotic m-RNA?
A. 1-methyl-guanosine
B. 1-methyl-adenosine
C. 2′-O-methyl-guanosine
D. 1-methyl-guanosine
29.What is the function of messenger RNA?
A. What is the function of messenger RNA?
B. It is a component of the ribosomes
C. It is a direct copy of a gene
D. What is the function of messenger RNA?
30.Retroviruses replicate via __________ intermediate
A. RNA
B. DNA
C. mRNA
D. RNA
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